Czytanie ze zrozumieniem

Four children are playing in the garden. Jane is flying a kite and her brother Tom is sitting on a tree. Their friend Peter is reading a book. Lucy is the girl with the blue eyes.

Martin Luther King Jr. (1929-1968) was an American reverend and a Civil Rights Movement leader. Although slavery has been abolished in 1865, Southern countries in the U.S., such as Alabama or Georgia, were still incredibly racist. The Civil Rights Movement was attempting to improve this situation so that African-Americans could vote, go to the same schools and do the same jobs as the white population.

King is famous for giving many speeches on the topic of civil rights of African-American people, the most famous of which, “I Have a Dream”, has been heard by 250,000 people in Washington. Besides that, he was also an activist practising non-violence and civil disobedience. That means that as long as they do not hurt anyone, people should break the laws that are discriminatory, as a form of a protest. Just like the original non-violent activist, Mahatma Gandhi, King was assassinated for his efforts.

When he was thirty-five, King received a Nobel Peace Prize for his achievements and importance for the Civil Rights Movement. He also got more than fifty honorary degrees and is going to be added to the five-dollar bill.

A submarine (or sub) is a watercraft capable of independent operation underwater. Although experimental submarines had been built before, submarine design took off during the 19th century, and they were adopted by several navies. Submarines were first widely used during World War I (1914–1918), and are now used in many navies large and small. Military uses include attacking enemy surface ships (merchant and military), or other submarines, aircraft carrier protection, blockade running, ballistic missile submarines as part of a nuclear strike force, reconnaissance, conventional land attack (for example using a cruise missile), and covert insertion of special forces. Civilian uses for submarines include marine science, salvage, exploration and facility inspection and maintenance. Submarines can also be modified to perform more specialized functions such as search-and-rescue missions or undersea cable repair. Submarines are also used in tourism and undersea archaeology.

Submarines have one of the widest ranges of types and capabilities of any vessel. They range from small autonomous examples and one- or two-person subs that operate for a few hours to vessels that can remain submerged for six months—such as the Russian Typhoon class, the biggest submarines ever built.